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| {{PageHead|[[Malinow]]|[[Molecular Methods]]|[[Quantum Dots]]|[[Choquet]]|[[AMPAR]]}} | | {{Style|size=150%|align=center|font=Century Gothic|background=#E0DCC3|color=#07677A|pad=8px|margin=6px| |
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| <div style="font-size:24px; font-family:Century Gothic;">Study Timeline [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Choquet%20D%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=12970178 - PubMed]</div> | | <html> |
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| ==Summary==
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| {{ExpandBox|2003 Direct imaging of lateral movements of AMPA receptors inside synapses|
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| {{Article|Tardin, Cognet, Bats, Lounis, Choquet|2003|EMBO - [http://bradleymonk.com/media/Choquet5.pdf PDF]|12970178|Direct imaging of lateral movements of AMPA receptors inside synapses}}
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| ;Tested effects of glutamate and calcium influx on AMPAR diffusion.
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| *Anti-GluR2 antibodies labeled with Cy5 or Alexa-647
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| ;Glutamate (100 uM) effect on GluR2
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| * {{Up}} diffusion rate
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| * {{Up}} (85%) endocytosis (within 15 min)
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| * {{Up}} (55%) diffusion within synapses
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| * {{Nc}} diffusion rate non-synaptic
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| * {{Dn}} (30%) completely immobile receptors
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| ;Calcium (induced) influx effect | |
| * {{Dn}} (%) mobile AMPARs
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| * {{Up}} (59%) AMPAR membrane expression
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| ;Calcium blocking (BAPTA) effect | |
| * {{Up}} (%) mobile AMPARs
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| }}<!-- END ARTICLE -->
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| {{ExpandBox|2004 Differential activity-dependent regulation of the lateral mobilities of AMPA and NMDA receptors|
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| {{Article|Groc L, Heine M, Cognet L, Brickley K, Stephenson FA, Lounis B, Choquet D.|2004|Nature Neuroscience - - [http://bradleymonk.com/media/Choquet6.pdf PDF]|15208630|Differential activity-dependent regulation of the lateral mobilities of AMPA and NMDA receptors}}
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| ;AMPARs vs. NMDAR diffusion
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| *extrasynaptic: AMPAR > NMDAR (4x)
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| *synaptic: AMPAR {{Nc}} NMDAR
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| *synaptic > extrasynaptic (2x ??)
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| ;KCl Neural Stimulation:
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| *{{Up}} (5x) extrasynaptic diffusion rate AMPAR
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| *{{Nc}} (%) synaptic diffusion rate AMPAR
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| ;PKC activity (stim by TPA):
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| *{{Up}} extrasynaptic diffusion rate AMPAR & NMDAR
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| *{{Up}} synaptic diffusion rate AMPAR & NMDAR
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| }}<!-- END ARTICLE -->
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| {{ExpandBox|2007 Diffusional trapping of GluR1 AMPA receptors by input-specific synaptic activity|
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| {{Article|Ehlers, Heine, Groc, Lee, Choquet|2007|Neuron - [http://bradleymonk.com/media/Choquet2007B.pdf PDF]|17481397|Diffusional trapping of GluR1 AMPA receptors by input-specific synaptic activity}}
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| ;Results
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| *'''silenced synapses had:'''
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| **50% less GluR1 [[AMPA receptors]] than nearby active synapses
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| **no changes in [[PSD-95]] family proteins
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| **no change in presynaptic abundance of VGLUT1 or bassoon
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| **no difference in [[PSD-95]], Shank, or bassoon puncta size
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| *'''GluR1-QDots'''
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| **very high mobility in extrasynaptic membrane
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| **intermediate mobility at inactivated synapses
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| **low mobility at active synapses
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| **frequently passed through several silenced synapses during recording (Movie S1)
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| **often exchange from a silenced synapse to a nearby active synapse (Movie S2)
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| **rarely exchanged from an active synapse to inactive synapse (2 of 1700)
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| **at inactivated synapses, 76.1% of GluR1-QDs present at the synapse departed the synapse within a 60 s imaging period
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| **at nearby active synapses, only 21.4% of GluR1-QDs exited the synapse within a 60 s imaging period
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| *'''Acute Blocking of Active Synapses'''
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| **To test whether ongoing transmitter activation of glutamate receptors was required for trapping of GluR1
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| **acutely blocked (for 1-4 hr) basal spontaneous activity with TTX, AP5, and CNQX during imaging
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| **blocking had no effect on GluR1 mobility at previously active or previously silenced synapses
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| ***synapses active before TTX/AP5/CNQX continued to exhibit decreased GluR1 mobility relative to synapses chronically silenced by tetanus toxin
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| **results demonstrate the diffusional trapping of GluR1 at active synapses not acute effect of basal spontaneous activity, but rather a longer-term change in synapse organization
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| *'''Spontaneous Activity Confines GluR1 Intrasynaptic Movement'''
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| **in active synapses the movement of GluR1 is more confined than at inactive synapses
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| [[File:Choquet2007B1.png|thumb|left|300px|(D) Single GluR1-QDs explore large areas within inactive synapses. Shown are five synaptic regions defined as a set of connected pixels obtained using object segmentation by wavelet transform. Each pixel was divided into 0.0016 mm2 subdomains and coded based on the presence (pink) or absence (white) of the GluR1-QD at any time during the imaging period as defined by the centroid of a 2D Gaussian function fit to the GluR1-QD fluorescent signal (see Experimental Procedures for details). Coded areas at each synaptic region represent the trajectory of one GluR1-QD. Scale bar, 0.2 mm. (E) GluR1 explores only small subregions within active synapses. Objects, color code, and scale bar as in (D)]]
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| }}<!-- END ARTICLE -->
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| {{ExpandBox|2007 Interaction between Stargazin and PSD-95 Regulates AMPA Receptor Surface Trafficking|
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| {{Article|Bats, Groc, Choquet|2007|Neuron - [http://bradleymonk.com/media/Choquet2007D.pdf PDF]|17329211|The Interaction between Stargazin and PSD-95 Regulates AMPA Receptor Surface Trafficking}}
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| ;Notes
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| * Quantum Dot
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| * FRAP
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| * Live hippocampal neurons
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| * exchange of [[AMPAR]] by lateral diffusion between extrasynaptic and synaptic sites mostly depends on the interaction of Stargazin with [[PSD-95]] and not upon the GluR2 [[AMPAR]] subunit C terminus.
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| * Disruption of interactions between Stargazin and [[PSD-95]] strongly increases [[AMPAR]] surface diffusion, preventing [[AMPAR]] accumulation at postsynaptic sites.
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| * AMPARs and Stargazin diffuse as complexes in and out synapses.
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| }}<!-- END ARTICLE -->
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| <pre> | |
| {{Article|Author|Year|Journal - [http://bradleymonk.com/media/Choquet1.pdf PDF]|15749166|Title}}
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| </pre>
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| __NOTOC__
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