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{| class="wikitable" style="border: none; background: none; text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="border: none; background: none; text-align: center;"
| '''[[Amino acids]]''' biochemical properties  
| '''Amino acids''' biochemical properties  
| style="background-color:#ffe75f; width: 50px;" | nonpolar
| style="background-color:#ffe75f; width: 50px;" | nonpolar
| style="background-color:#b3dec0; width: 50px;" | polar
| style="background-color:#b3dec0; width: 50px;" | polar
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| style="background-color:#f8b7d3; width: 50px;" | acidic
| style="background-color:#f8b7d3; width: 50px;" | acidic
| style="border: none; background: none; width: 100px;" |
| style="border: none; background: none; width: 100px;" |
| style="background-color:#B0B0B0;" | Termination: stop codon
| style="background-color:#42f489;" | START CODON
| style="background-color:#f46b41;" | STOP CODON
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Standard genetic code
|+ Standard genetic code
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!rowspan=2| 3rd<br/>base
!rowspan=2| 3rd<br/>base
|-
|-
!colspan=2| {{{T|T}}}
!colspan=2| .&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{{T|T}}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;.
!colspan=2| C
!colspan=2| .&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;.
!colspan=2| A
!colspan=2| .&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;.
!colspan=2| G
!colspan=2| .&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;G&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;.
|-
|-


!rowspan=4| {{{T|T}}}
!rowspan=4| {{{T|T}}}
| {{{T|T}}}{{{T|T}}}{{{T|T}}}
| {{{T|T}}}{{{T|T}}}{{{T|T}}}
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | (Phe/F) [[Phenylalanine]]
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | Phenylalanine (F)
| {{{T|T}}}C{{{T|T}}}
| {{{T|T}}}C{{{T|T}}}
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | (Ser/S) [[Serine]]
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | Serine (S)
| {{{T|T}}}A{{{T|T}}}
| {{{T|T}}}A{{{T|T}}}
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | (Tyr/Y) [[Tyrosine]]
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | Tyrosine (Y)
| {{{T|T}}}G{{{T|T}}}
| {{{T|T}}}G{{{T|T}}}
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | (Cys/C) [[Cysteine]]
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | Cysteine (C)
! {{{T|T}}}
! {{{T|T}}}
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| {{{T|T}}}{{{T|T}}}A
| {{{T|T}}}{{{T|T}}}A
|rowspan=6 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | (Leu/L) [[Leucine]]
|rowspan=6 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | Leucine (L)
| {{{T|T}}}CA
| {{{T|T}}}CA
| {{{T|T}}}AA{{Ref label|stopcodon1|B|none}}
| {{{T|T}}}AA
| style="background-color:#B0B0B0;" | [[Stop codon|Stop]] (''Ochre'')
| style="background-color:#f46b41;" | Stop codon (''Ochre'')
| {{{T|T}}}GA{{Ref label|stopcodon2|B|none}}
| {{{T|T}}}GA
| style="background-color:#B0B0B0;" | [[Stop codon|Stop]] (''Opal'')
| style="background-color:#f46b41;" | Stop codon (''Opal'')
! A
! A
|-
|-
| {{{T|T}}}{{{T|T}}}G
| {{{T|T}}}{{{T|T}}}G
| {{{T|T}}}CG
| {{{T|T}}}CG
| {{{T|T}}}AG{{Ref label|stopcodon3|B|none}}
| {{{T|T}}}AG
| style="background-color:#B0B0B0;" | [[Stop codon|Stop]] (''Amber'')
| style="background-color:#f46b41;" | Stop codon (''Amber'')
| {{{T|T}}}GG
| {{{T|T}}}GG
| style="background-color:#ffe75f;" | (Trp/W) [[Tryptophan]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!-- to make the columns roughly the same width -->
| style="background-color:#ffe75f;" | Tryptophan (W)
! G
! G
|-
|-
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| C{{{T|T}}}{{{T|T}}}
| C{{{T|T}}}{{{T|T}}}
| CC{{{T|T}}}
| CC{{{T|T}}}
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | (Pro/P) [[Proline]]
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | Proline (P)
| CA{{{T|T}}}
| CA{{{T|T}}}
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#bbbfe0" | (His/H) [[Histidine]]
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#bbbfe0" | Histidine (H)
|CG{{{T|T}}}
|CG{{{T|T}}}
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#bbbfe0" | (Arg/R) [[Arginine]]
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#bbbfe0" | Arginine (R)
! {{{T|T}}}
! {{{T|T}}}
|-
|-
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|CCA
|CCA
|CAA
|CAA
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | (Gln/Q) [[Glutamine]]
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | Glutamine (Q)
|CGA
|CGA
! A
! A
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! rowspan="4" | A
! rowspan="4" | A
|A{{{T|T}}}{{{T|T}}}
|A{{{T|T}}}{{{T|T}}}
|rowspan=3 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | (Ile/I) [[Isoleucine]]
|rowspan=3 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | Isoleucine (I)
|AC{{{T|T}}}
|AC{{{T|T}}}
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | (Thr/T) [[Threonine]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!-- to make the columns roughly the same width -->
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | Threonine (T)
|AA{{{T|T}}}
|AA{{{T|T}}}
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | (Asn/N) [[Asparagine]]
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | Asparagine (N)
|AG{{{T|T}}}
|AG{{{T|T}}}
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | (Ser/S) [[Serine]]
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | Serine (S)
! {{{T|T}}}
! {{{T|T}}}
|-
|-
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|ACA
|ACA
|AAA
|AAA
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#bbbfe0" | (Lys/K) [[Lysine]]
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#bbbfe0" | Lysine (K)
|AGA
|AGA
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#bbbfe0" | (Arg/R) [[Arginine]]
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#bbbfe0" | Arginine (R)
! A
! A
|-
|-
|A{{{T|T}}}G{{ref label|methionine|A|A}}
|A{{{T|T}}}G
| style="background-color:#ffe75f;" | (Met/M) [[Methionine]]
| style="background-color:#42f489;" | START / Methionine (M)
|ACG
|ACG
|AAG
|AAG
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! rowspan="4" | G
! rowspan="4" | G
|G{{{T|T}}}{{{T|T}}}
|G{{{T|T}}}{{{T|T}}}
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | (Val/V) [[Valine]]
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | Valine (V)
|GC{{{T|T}}}
|GC{{{T|T}}}
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | (Ala/A) [[Alanine]]
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | Alanine (A)
|GA{{{T|T}}}
|GA{{{T|T}}}
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#f8b7d3" | (Asp/D) [[Aspartic acid]]
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#f8b7d3" | Aspartic acid (D)
|GG{{{T|T}}}
|GG{{{T|T}}}
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | (Gly/G) [[Glycine]]
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | Glycine (G)
! {{{T|T}}}
! {{{T|T}}}
|-
|-
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|GCA
|GCA
|GAA
|GAA
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#f8b7d3" | (Glu/E) [[Glutamic acid]]
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#f8b7d3" | Glutamic acid (E)
|GGA
|GGA
! A
! A
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|-
|-
|}
|}
:{{note label|methionine|A|A}} The codon A{{{T|T}}}G both codes for methionine and serves as an initiation site: the first A{{{T|T}}}G in an [[mRNA]]'s coding region is where translation into protein begins.<ref name="pmid19056476">{{cite journal |author=Nakamoto T |title=Evolution and the universality of the mechanism of initiation of protein synthesis |journal=Gene |volume=432 |issue=1–2 |pages=1–6 | date=March 2009 |pmid=19056476 |doi=10.1016/j.gene.2008.11.001}}</ref>
<noinclude>
: '''<sup>B</sup>''' {{Note label|stopcodon1|3=none}}{{Note label|stopcodon2|3=none}}{{Note label|stopcodon3|3=none}} The historical basis for designating the stop codons as amber, ochre and opal is described in an autobiography by Sydney Brenner<ref>Brenner S. A Life in Science (2001) Published by Biomed Central Limited  {{ISBN|0-9540278-0-9}} see pages 101-104</ref> and in a historical article by Bob Edgar.<ref name="pmid15514035">{{cite journal |vauthors=Edgar B |title=The genome of bacteriophage T4: an archeological dig |journal=Genetics |volume=168 |issue=2 |pages=575–82 |year=2004 |pmid=15514035 |pmc=1448817 |doi= |url=}} see pages 580-581</ref><noinclude>
{{documentation|content=This is the standard or universal [[genetic code]].


This table is found in both [[DNA Codon Table]] and [[Genetic Code]] (And probably a few other places), so I'm pulling it out so it can be common. By default it's the DNA code (using the letter T for [[Thymine]]); use template parameter "T=U" to make it the RNA code (using U for [[Uracil]]).  See also [[Template:Inverse codon table]].
This is the standard or universal [[genetic code]]. By default it's the DNA code (using the letter T for [[Thymine]]); use template parameter "T=U" to make it the RNA code (using U for [[Uracil]]).  See also [[Template:Inverse codon table]].


<references/>
}}
</noinclude>
</noinclude>

Latest revision as of 21:26, 11 November 2017

Amino acids biochemical properties nonpolar polar basic acidic START CODON STOP CODON
Standard genetic code
1st
base 		2nd base 3rd
base
.                        T                        . .                        C                        . .                        A                        . .                        G                        .
T TTT Phenylalanine (F) TCT Serine (S) TAT Tyrosine (Y) TGT Cysteine (C) T
TTC TCC TAC TGC C
TTA Leucine (L) TCA TAA Stop codon (Ochre) TGA Stop codon (Opal) A
TTG TCG TAG Stop codon (Amber) TGG Tryptophan (W) G
C CTT CCT Proline (P) CAT Histidine (H) CGT Arginine (R) T
CTC CCC CAC CGC C
CTA CCA CAA Glutamine (Q) CGA A
CTG CCG CAG CGG G
A ATT Isoleucine (I) ACT Threonine (T) AAT Asparagine (N) AGT Serine (S) T
ATC ACC AAC AGC C
ATA ACA AAA Lysine (K) AGA Arginine (R) A
ATG START / Methionine (M) ACG AAG AGG G
G GTT Valine (V) GCT Alanine (A) GAT Aspartic acid (D) GGT Glycine (G) T
GTC GCC GAC GGC C
GTA GCA GAA Glutamic acid (E) GGA A
GTG GCG GAG GGG G


This is the standard or universal genetic code. By default it's the DNA code (using the letter T for Thymine); use template parameter "T=U" to make it the RNA code (using U for Uracil). See also Template:Inverse codon table.


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