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[[File:PDZ.jpg|thumb|Examples of PDZ domain-containing proteins (Figure from Lee ''et al''. 2010). Proteins are indicated by black lines scaled to the length of the primary sequence of the protein.|500px|right]]
The '''PDZ domain''' is a common [[structural domain]] of 80-90 amino-acids found in the [[Signal transduction|signaling]] [[proteins]] of [[bacteria]], [[yeast]], [[plants]], [[virus]]es<ref name="pmid18702816">{{cite journal | author = Boxus M, Twizere JC, Legros S, Dewulf JF, Kettmann R, Willems L | title = The HTLV-1 Tax interactome | journal = Retrovirology | volume = 5 | issue = | pages = 76 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18702816 | pmc = 2533353 | doi = 10.1186/1742-4690-5-76 | url = }}</ref> and [[animal]]s.<ref name="pmid9041651">{{cite journal | author = Ponting CP | title = Evidence for PDZ domains in bacteria, yeast, and plants | journal = Protein Sci. | volume = 6 | issue = 2 | pages = 464–468 | year = 1997 | month = February | pmid = 9041651 | pmc = 2143646 | doi = 10.1002/pro.5560060225 | url = }}</ref> ''PDZ'' is an [[acronym]] combining the first letters of three proteins — post synaptic density protein (PSD95), Drosophila disc large tumor suppressor (Dlg1), and zonula occludens-1 protein (zo-1) — which were first discovered to share the domain.<ref name="pmid=77482701">{{cite journal |author=Kennedy MB |title=Origin of PDZ(DHR,GLGF) domains |journal=Trends Biochem. Sci. |volume=20 |issue=9 |pages=350 |year=1995 |month=September |pmid=77482701 |doi=10.1016/S0968-0004(00)89074-X }}</ref> PDZ domains have previously been referred to as '''DHR''' (Dlg homologous region)<ref name="pmid7535955">{{cite journal |author=Ponting CP, Phillips C |title=DHR domains in syntrophins, neuronal NO synthases and other intracellular proteins |journal=Trends Biochem. Sci. |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=102–103 |year=1995 |month=March |pmid=7535955 |doi= 10.1016/S0968-0004(00)88973-2|url=}}</ref> or '''GLGF''' ([[glycine]]-[[leucine]]-glycine-[[phenylalanine]]) domains.<ref name="pmid1419001">{{cite journal | author = Cho KO, Hunt CA, Kennedy MB | title = The rat brain postsynaptic density fraction contains a homolog of the Drosophila discs-large tumor suppressor protein | journal = Neuron | volume = 9 | issue = 5 | pages = 929–42 | year = 1992 | month = Nov | pmid = 1419001 | doi = 10.1016/0896-6273(92)90245-9 }}</ref> These domains help anchor [[transmembrane protein]]s to the [[cytoskeleton]] and hold together signaling complexes.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Ranganathan R, Ross E | title = PDZ domain proteins: scaffolds for signaling complexes | journal = Curr Biol | volume = 7 | issue = 12 | pages = R770–R773 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9382826 | doi = 10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00401-5}}</ref>
The '''PDZ''' domain (post-synaptic density protein ''PSD95'', disc large ''Dlg'', and zonula occludens ''Zo'') is a common structural domain of 80-90 amino-acids found in thousands of signaling proteins of bacteria, yeast, plants, viruses and animals. These domains help anchor transmembrane proteins to the cytoskeleton and hold together signaling complexes (e.g. the PDZ domains in the PSD-95 protein associate with SH3 domain-containing proteins). In general PDZ domains bind to a short region of the C-terminus of other specific proteins. These short regions bind to the PDZ domain by beta sheet augmentation (the beta sheet in the PDZ domain is extended by the addition of another beta strand from the partner binding protein's tail).
In general PDZ domains bind to a short region of the C-terminus of other specific proteins. These short regions bind to the PDZ domain by beta sheet augmentation. This means that the beta sheet in the PDZ domain is extended by the addition of a further beta strand from the tail of the binding partner protein.<ref name="pmid9434904">{{cite journal |author=Cowburn D |title=Peptide recognition by PTB and PDZ domains |journal=Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. |volume=7 |issue=6 |pages=835–838 |year=1997 |month=December |pmid=9434904 |doi= 10.1016/S0959-440X(97)80155-8|url=}}</ref>
== Proteins containing this domain ==
== Proteins containing this domain ==
[[File:PDZ.jpg|thumb|Examples of PDZ domain-containing proteins (Figure from Lee ''et al''. 2010). Proteins are indicated by black lines scaled to the length of the primary sequence of the protein.|500px|right]]
There are roughly 260 human PDZ domains (virus has 1 known PDZ protein - Tax1), though since several PDZ domain-containing proteins hold several domains, the actual number of PDZ proteins is closer to 180. Listed below are some of the better studied members of this family:
PDZ domains are found in many thousands of known proteins. PDZ domain proteins are widespread in eukaryotes and eubacteria,<ref name="pmid9041651" /> whereas there are very few examples of the protein in archaebacteria. PDZ domains are often associated with other [[protein domain]]s and these combinations allow them to carry out their specific functions. For example the PDZ domains in the PSD-95 protein are found associated with an [[SH3 domain]] and a [[guanylate kinase]] domain.
* Erbin
* HTRA1
=== Human ===
* HTRA2
* HTRA3
There are roughly 260 human PDZ domains, though since several PDZ domain-containing proteins hold several domains, the actual number of PDZ proteins is closer to 180. Listed below are some of the better studied members of this family:
Examples of PDZ domain-containing proteins (Figure from Lee et al. 2010). Proteins are indicated by black lines scaled to the length of the primary sequence of the protein.
The PDZ domain (post-synaptic density protein PSD95, disc large Dlg, and zonula occludens Zo) is a common structural domain of 80-90 amino-acids found in thousands of signaling proteins of bacteria, yeast, plants, viruses and animals. These domains help anchor transmembrane proteins to the cytoskeleton and hold together signaling complexes (e.g. the PDZ domains in the PSD-95 protein associate with SH3 domain-containing proteins). In general PDZ domains bind to a short region of the C-terminus of other specific proteins. These short regions bind to the PDZ domain by beta sheet augmentation (the beta sheet in the PDZ domain is extended by the addition of another beta strand from the partner binding protein's tail).
Proteins containing this domain
There are roughly 260 human PDZ domains (virus has 1 known PDZ protein - Tax1), though since several PDZ domain-containing proteins hold several domains, the actual number of PDZ proteins is closer to 180. Listed below are some of the better studied members of this family:
