Neural Anatomy: Difference between revisions

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==Quantitative Review==


 
[[File:Dendrite 3D.png|thumb|left|400px|[http://synapses.clm.utexas.edu/anatomy/dendrite/tables/table1.stm Harris Website]]]
[[File:Dendrite 3D.png|thumb|left|500px|[http://synapses.clm.utexas.edu/anatomy/dendrite/tables/table1.stm Harris Website]]]


{{Box|font=120%|width=45%|float=left|text=12px|The Size of Dendrites|
{{Box|font=120%|width=45%|float=left|text=12px|The Size of Dendrites|
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{{Box|font=120%|width=45%|float=left|text=12px|Particle Counts|
{{Box|font=120%|width=43%|float=left|text=12px|Particle Counts|
;adapted from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17243894 Sheng and Hoogenraad (2007)] {{Fig|[[File:Spine.png|1000px]]}}<br>
;adapted from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17243894 Sheng and Hoogenraad (2007)] {{Fig|[[File:Spine.png|1000px]]}}<br>
* PSD: 10,000 proteins (or 100 copies of 100 proteins)<br>
* PSD: 10,000 proteins (or 100 copies of 100 proteins)<br>
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{{Box|font=120%|width=45%|float=left|text=12px|Diffusion Rates|
{{Box|font=120%|width=43%|float=left|text=12px|Diffusion Rates|
; from Choquet 2010 {{Fig|[[File:ChoquetDiffusionRate1.png]]}}<br>
; from Choquet 2010 {{Fig|[[File:ChoquetDiffusionRate1.png]]}}<br>
* extrasynaptic: 0.1 µm<sup>2</sup>&frasl;s
* extrasynaptic: 0.1 µm<sup>2</sup>&frasl;s
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{{Box|font=120%|width=45%|float=left|text=12px|Images|
{{Box|font=120%|width=43%|float=left|text=12px|Images|
; From [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17243894 Sheng and Hoogenraad 2007]  
; From [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17243894 Sheng and Hoogenraad 2007]  
* Spine morphology {{Fig|[[File:Spine.png|1000px]]}}
* Spine morphology {{Fig|[[File:Spine.png|1000px]]}}
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{{Box|font=120%|width=45%|float=left|text=12px|Choquet 2007 Real Time Receptor Diffusion|
{{Box|font=120%|width=43%|float=left|text=12px|Choquet 2007 Real Time Receptor Diffusion|
[http://bradleymonk.com/media/QdotsRealTime.mov This link is to a video] of an optimized version from [http://www.cell.com/neuron/supplemental/S0896-6273%2807%2900289-9 Choquet 2007] (seen below). The dimensions in both 10 x 10 µm. The original version below is run at 4x real-time. The linked video above is slowed to 1x real-time, and all analysis is done at 1:1 video to real-time speed.
[http://bradleymonk.com/media/QdotsRealTime.mov This link is to a video] of an optimized version from [http://www.cell.com/neuron/supplemental/S0896-6273%2807%2900289-9 Choquet 2007] (seen below). The dimensions in both 10 x 10 µm. The original version below is run at 4x real-time. The linked video above is slowed to 1x real-time, and all analysis is done at 1:1 video to real-time speed.


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{{Box|font=120%|width=45%|float=left|text=12px|Choquet 2007 Real Time Receptor Diffusion Analysis|
{{Box|font=120%|width=43%|float=left|text=12px|Choquet 2007 Real Time Receptor Diffusion Analysis|
* The video represents a 10µm &times; 10µm section scaled to a 535px &times; 535px video.   
* The video represents a 10µm &times; 10µm section scaled to a 535px &times; 535px video.   
** {{Button|1<sub>'''µm'''</sub> : 53.5<sub>'''px'''</sub>}}
** {{Button|1<sub>'''µm'''</sub> : 53.5<sub>'''px'''</sub>}}
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{{Box|font=120%|width=95%|float=left|text=12px|Quick Facts|
{{Box|font=120%|width=95%|float=left|text=12px|Receptor Diffusion Rate Best Estimates|
* There are ~90 billion neurons in the adult human brain
* GABAA: .01 - .05 µm<sup>2</sup>/s {{Fig|[[File:Choquet1 2010.png]]|[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627310004654 Choquet 2010]}}
* Neurons usually form 1,000 to 10,000 synaptic connections (on average, heavily depending on neuron type/region)
* 1mm³ of gray matter contains ~30k neurons, each having ~6k synapses, for a grand total of 300mil synapses per mm³
* neurons fire at a rate of x
* GABAA receptors diffuse at a rate of: .01 - .05 µm<sup>2</sup>/s {{Fig|[[File:Choquet1 2010.png]]|[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627310004654 Choquet 2010]}}
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{{PageHead|[[Malinow]]|[[Molecular Methods]]|[[Quantum Dots]]|[[Choquet]]|[[AMPAR]]}}
{{PageHead|[[Malinow]]|[[Molecular Methods]]|[[Quantum Dots]]|[[Choquet]]|[[AMPAR]]}}
[[Category:Malinow]] [[Category:ReDiClus]] [[Category:Neural Anatomy]]
[[Category:Malinow]] [[Category:ReDiClus]]

Revision as of 17:37, 8 October 2013

Quantitative Review

Error creating thumbnail: File missing
Harris Website

The Size of Dendrites

adapted from Sheng and Hoogenraad (2007) FIG: {{#info
Error creating thumbnail: File missing{{{2}}} CLICK AWAY FROM IMAGE TO CLOSE }}
  • Dendrite: 1–10 spines per 10 μm
  • Spines: 0.5–2 μm in length
  • PSD: 100 - 300 nm diameter
  • PSD95: within 12 nm of surface
adapted from Harris FIG: {{#info
{{{2}}} CLICK AWAY FROM IMAGE TO CLOSE }}
  • proximal dendrite diameter: 1 - 3 µm
  • distal dendrite diameter: 0.2 - 2 µm
  • dendrite length: 2000 - 9000 µm
  • dendrite tip to soma: 100 - 200 µm
  • dendrites at soma: 1 - 5
  • dendrite branches (granual): 10 - 30
  • dendrite branches (purkinje): 400-500


Particle Counts

adapted from Sheng and Hoogenraad (2007) FIG: {{#info
Error creating thumbnail: File missing{{{2}}} CLICK AWAY FROM IMAGE TO CLOSE }}
  • PSD: 10,000 proteins (or 100 copies of 100 proteins)
  • CaMKIIα: 7.4%
  • CaMKIIβ: 1.3%
  • SynGap: 2.1 pmol/20 μg
  • NMDAR: 20 proteins
  • AMPAR: 15 proteins
  • GluR: 60 subunits, 15 tetramers, 80% or 12 GluR1/GluR2 heteromers
  • PSD95: within 12 nm of surface


Diffusion Rates

from Choquet 2010 FIG: {{#info
{{{2}}} CLICK AWAY FROM IMAGE TO CLOSE }}
  • extrasynaptic: 0.1 µm2⁄s
  • synaptic: 0.05 µm2⁄s
  • synaptic after glu/gly: 0.01 µm2⁄s


Images

From Sheng and Hoogenraad 2007
From Harris KM and Weinberg 2012
  • Spine morphology FIG: {{#info: 3D reconstruction of a proximal CA3 pyramidal cell dendrite (blue) and a large mossy fiber bouton (translucent yellow). The cut-away in C2 shows synapses (red) onto multiple dendritic spines, some of which are highly branched. The bouton also forms nonsynaptic cell adhesion junctions (fuchsia). CLICK AWAY FROM IMAGE TO CLOSE }}
  • Hippocampal dendrite FIG: {{#info: {{{2}}} CLICK AWAY FROM IMAGE TO CLOSE }}




Choquet 2007 Real Time Receptor Diffusion

{{{2}}}

Choquet 2007 Real Time Receptor Diffusion Analysis

  • The video represents a 10µm × 10µm section scaled to a 535px × 535px video.
    • 1µm : 53.5px
  • The analysis below documents one instance of Qdot diffusion, between the 6s-7s time points.
  • This instance was chosen because of the clarity of motion and no Qdot flicker.
  • The Qdot (center) moves from pixel location (X:291, Y:302) at 6.78s to (X:319, Y346) at 6.98s
    • That is a distance of 52.2px in 200ms
    • Qdot velocity: Qv ≈ 1µm ⁄ 200ms
    • Note this diffusion rate of 5µm/s is 10-fold higher than the median diffusion rate reported above.
    • An upper bound of 5µm/s means that receptors can move between synapses in fractions of a second.

Figures:

FIG: {{#info: {{{2}}} CLICK AWAY FROM IMAGE TO CLOSE }}
FIG: {{#info: {{{2}}} CLICK AWAY FROM IMAGE TO CLOSE }}
FIG: {{#info: {{{2}}} CLICK AWAY FROM IMAGE TO CLOSE }}
FIG: {{#info: {{{2}}} CLICK AWAY FROM IMAGE TO CLOSE }}



Receptor Diffusion Rate Best Estimates

  • GABAA: .01 - .05 µm2/s FIG: {{#info: Choquet 2010 CLICK AWAY FROM IMAGE TO CLOSE }}




Malinow Molecular Methods Quantum Dots Choquet AMPAR
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