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{{PageHead|[[Malinow]]|[[Molecular Methods]]|[[Quantum Dots]]|[[Choquet]]|[[AMPAR]]}}
{{PageHead|[[Malinow]]|[[Molecular Methods]]|[[Quantum Dots]]|[[Choquet]]|[[AMPAR]]}}


==Overall Summary==
{{ExpandBox|Complete Picture|
[[File:Choquet 2004b.png|thumb|left|500px|
* TTX - block neural activity <br>
* KCl - envoke neural activity <br>
* TPA - stimulate PKC
]]{{Clear}}


<div style="font-size:24px; font-family:Century Gothic;">Study Timeline [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Choquet%20D%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=12970178 - PubMed]</div>
{{Box|width=20%|KCl|
;synaptic
* {{Up}}{{Nc}}  GluR2
* {{Nc}} NMDAR
;extrasynaptic
* {{Up}} GluR2
* {{Nc}} NMDAR
}}
 
{{Box|width=20%|TTX|
;synaptic
* {{Nc}} GluR2
* {{Nc}} NMDAR
;extrasynaptic
* {{Dn}} GluR2
* {{Nc}} NMDAR
}}
 
{{Box|width=20%|TPA-PKC|
;synaptic
* {{Up}} GluR2
* {{Up}} NMDAR
;extrasynaptic
* {{Dn}} GluR2
* {{Up}} NMDAR
}}
 
{{Box|width=20%|Glutamate|
;synaptic
* {{Up}} GluR2
;extrasynaptic
* {{Nc}} GluR2
}}


{{Box|width=20%|Calcium|
;synaptic
* {{Dn}} GluR2 mobility
* {{Up}} GluR2 expression
;extrasynaptic
* no observations




}}<!-- END ARTICLE -->


==Summary==


==Important Studies==
{{ExpandBox|2003 Direct imaging of lateral movements of AMPA receptors inside synapses|
{{ExpandBox|2003 Direct imaging of lateral movements of AMPA receptors inside synapses|
{{Article|Tardin, Cognet, Bats, Lounis, Choquet|2003|EMBO - [http://bradleymonk.com/media/Choquet5.pdf PDF]|12970178|Direct imaging of lateral movements of AMPA (GluR2) receptors inside synapses}}
{{Article|Tardin, Cognet, Bats, Lounis, Choquet|2003|EMBO - [http://bradleymonk.com/media/Choquet5.pdf PDF]|12970178|Direct imaging of lateral movements of AMPA (GluR2) receptors inside synapses}}
Line 15: Line 61:
*Anti-GluR2 antibodies labeled with Cy5 or Alexa-647
*Anti-GluR2 antibodies labeled with Cy5 or Alexa-647


{{Box|width=20%|Glutamate|
;synaptic
* {{Up}} GluR2
;extrasynaptic
* {{Nc}} GluR2
}}
{{Box|width=20%|Calcium|
;synaptic
* {{Dn}} GluR2 mobility
* {{Up}} GluR2 expression
;extrasynaptic
* no observations
}}


;Glutamate (100 uM) effect on GluR2
;Glutamate (100 uM) effect on GluR2
Line 67: Line 127:
* {{Dn}} GluR2
* {{Dn}} GluR2
* {{Up}} NMDAR
* {{Up}} NMDAR
}}
{{Clear}}
From previous study:
{{Box|width=20%|Glutamate|
;synaptic
* {{Up}} GluR2
;extrasynaptic
* {{Nc}} GluR2
}}
}}


{{Box|width=20%|Calcium|
;synaptic
* {{Dn}} GluR2 mobility
* {{Up}} GluR2 expression
;extrasynaptic
* no observations
}}


}}<!-- END ARTICLE -->
}}<!-- END ARTICLE -->

Revision as of 21:05, 9 July 2013

Malinow Molecular Methods Quantum Dots Choquet AMPAR

Overall Summary

{{ExpandBox|Complete Picture|

Error creating thumbnail: File missing
* TTX - block neural activity
* KCl - envoke neural activity
* TPA - stimulate PKC

KCl

synaptic
  • ↑ ↔ GluR2
  • ↔ NMDAR
extrasynaptic
  • ↑ GluR2
  • ↔ NMDAR

TTX

synaptic
  • ↔ GluR2
  • ↔ NMDAR
extrasynaptic
  • ↓ GluR2
  • ↔ NMDAR

TPA-PKC

synaptic
  • ↑ GluR2
  • ↑ NMDAR
extrasynaptic
  • ↓ GluR2
  • ↑ NMDAR

Glutamate

synaptic
  • ↑ GluR2
extrasynaptic
  • ↔ GluR2

Calcium

synaptic
  • ↓ GluR2 mobility
  • ↑ GluR2 expression
extrasynaptic
  • no observations



Important Studies

2003 Direct imaging of lateral movements of AMPA receptors inside synapses

Tardin, Cognet, Bats, Lounis, Choquet • 2003 • EMBO - PDF

Tested effects of glutamate and calcium influx on GluR2 diffusion.
  • Anti-GluR2 antibodies labeled with Cy5 or Alexa-647

Glutamate

synaptic
  • ↑ GluR2
extrasynaptic
  • ↔ GluR2

Calcium

synaptic
  • ↓ GluR2 mobility
  • ↑ GluR2 expression
extrasynaptic
  • no observations
Glutamate (100 uM) effect on GluR2
  • ↑ diffusion rate
  • ↑ (85%) endocytosis (within 15 min)
  • ↑ (55%) diffusion within synapses
  • ↔ diffusion rate non-synaptic
  • ↓ (30%) completely immobile receptors


Calcium (induced) influx effect
  • ↓ (%) mobile GluR2
  • ↑ (59%) GluR2 membrane expression


Calcium blocking (BAPTA) effect
  • ↑ (%) mobile GluR2


2004 Differential activity-dependent regulation of the lateral mobilities of AMPA and NMDA receptors

Groc L, Heine M, Cognet L, Brickley K, Stephenson FA, Lounis B, Choquet D. • 2004 • Nature Neuroscience - - PDF

Error creating thumbnail: File missing
* TTX - block neural activity
* KCl - envoke neural activity
* TPA - stimulate PKC

KCl

synaptic
  • ↑ ↔ GluR2
  • ↔ NMDAR
extrasynaptic
  • ↑ GluR2
  • ↔ NMDAR

TTX

synaptic
  • ↔ GluR2
  • ↔ NMDAR
extrasynaptic
  • ↓ GluR2
  • ↔ NMDAR

TPA-PKC

synaptic
  • ↑ GluR2
  • ↑ NMDAR
extrasynaptic
  • ↓ GluR2
  • ↑ NMDAR



2007 Diffusional trapping of GluR1 AMPA receptors by input-specific synaptic activity

Ehlers, Heine, Groc, Lee, Choquet • 2007 • Neuron - PDF

Silenced synapses (compared to active synapses)
  • ↓ (50%) GluR1
  • ↔ PSD-95
  • ↔ presynaptic VGLUT1
  • ↔ presynaptic bassoon
  • ↔ puncta size of PSD-95 Shank bassoon


GluR1 QDots diffusion rate
  • high - extrasynaptic
  • medium - inactivated synapses
  • low - active synapses


GluR1 QDots features
  • often passed through silenced synapses
  • often moved from silenced to active synapse
  • rarely (2 of 1700) moved from active to silenced synapse
  • often (76.1%) exited inactive synapse (60 s period)
  • rarely (21.4%) exited active synapse (60 s period)


GluR1 QDots diffusion rate after synaptic reversal
  • ↔ at previously active synapses
  • ↔ at previously silenced synapses


Error creating thumbnail: File missing
Confinement of GluR1 in synapses
* more confined at active synapses



2007 Interaction between Stargazin and PSD-95 Regulates AMPA Receptor Surface Trafficking

Notes
  • Quantum Dot
  • FRAP
  • Live hippocampal neurons
  • exchange of AMPAR by lateral diffusion between extrasynaptic and synaptic sites mostly depends on the interaction of Stargazin with PSD-95 and not upon the GluR2 AMPAR subunit C terminus.
  • Disruption of interactions between Stargazin and PSD-95 strongly increases AMPAR surface diffusion, preventing AMPAR accumulation at postsynaptic sites.
  • AMPARs and Stargazin diffuse as complexes in and out synapses.






{{Article|Author|Year|Journal - [http://bradleymonk.com/media/Choquet1.pdf PDF]|15749166|Title}}
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